Gaur Bos gaurus (H. Smith, 1827)
English: Gaur; French: Gaur; Annamese: Mithan; Annamite: Trâu rung; Burmese: Pyoung; Canarese: Doddu, Kard-korna, Kard-yemme, Karti, Karkona, Kartee, Kadu yelhu; Chittagong: Selori; Chutia Nagpur: Gaor; Gonds: Pera-mao; Hindi: Gaur, Gauri-gai, Gor; Ho-Kols: Sainal; Mahrathi: Gaviya, gawa; Malabari: Paothu, Karthu; Malay: Seladang, katu poth; Nepali: Gauri Gai; Orissa: Gayal; Thai: Kra-ting; Tamil: Katuerimai.
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Former distribution: India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Kampuchea, Vietnam, South China (Yunnan), Malay Peninsula; Sri Lanka.
Present distribution: Only in small herds in remote areas, and parks and reserves in the above mentioned countries. Not in Sri Lanka.
Behaviour: Preferred habitat: rocky hills in tropical and deciduous forests with open areas; activity both diurnal and nocturnal; they browse and graze on grasses, bamboo leaves, twigs and bark of trees. The old bulls are solitary, the others form small herds of 5-10. Predators are tigers.
Population status: Vulnerable. Estimated numbers: no records. Perak, West Malaysia, 84.
Brief notes:
Body weight: Up to 1000 kg
Head and body length: 250-330 cm
Tail length: 70-100 cm
Shoulder height: 170-200 cm
Gestation period: 9 months
Maximum age: No records
Trophy: Record SCI: Bos g. gaurus 94 1/8 score, India, C.J. MCELROY; average 60 score. Bos g. hubbacki: 97 1/8 score, 1963 Thailand, Capt. JOHN H. BRANDT; average 60 score. RW’s: Bos g. gaurus: 56", 1921 Assam, B.C. STUART BAKER; average 30". Bos g. hubbacki: 49", 1921, H.H. The Maharaja MAYURBHAN; average 30". Bos g. radei: 45", 1927 Vietnam, G. ELLIOT BROWNING; average 26". CIC: Bos g. radei: 296,28 points, Laos, F. EDMOND-BLANC; average 180 points.
Hunting methods: Formerly stalking, with beaters; now proteced by law.
Subspecies: 3
1. Bos g. gaurus Eastern India, southern Nepal, Assam, Bangladesh, Burma. Estimated numbers: No records. Rare.
2. Bos g. radei Southern China, Vietnam, Laos, Kampuchea, Thailand. Estimated numbers: 1000 in Yunnan (Xishvangbanna Reserve); in Vietnam, Laos, Kampuchea not known. Rare.
3. Bos g. hubbacki Southern Thailand, southern Burma, Malay peninsula. Rare.
Remarks: All populations have decreased due to loss of habitat, deforestation and bovine diseases, as well as poaching. The only chance of survival is in parks and reserves, as in India, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and Malaysia.
Gayal Bos frontalis is omitted due to its domesticated status.
Bilder:
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