Gemse oder Gams Rupicapra rupicapra (Linné, 1758)
English: Gams; French: Chamois, Isard; Albanian: Dhija e Egér; Bulgarian: Diwa Kosa; Czech: Kamzici zver; Croatian: divokoza; Greek: Agriogido; Italian: Camoscio; Montenigrin: dovikoza; Polish: Koziorozee; Romanian: Capra neagra; Russian: Kawkasskaja Sserna, Tschjorny kosjol; Serb: divokoza; Slovakian: Kamzicia zver; Spanish: Rebeco, Sarrio, Gamuza; Turkish: Cengel boynuzlu yaban keçisi, Kara dagkeçisi.
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Former distribution: As now.
Present distribution: Mountain regions of south-eastern Europe, central Europe, Turkey and Caucasus in USSR; north-western Spain, Pyrenees, Alpes, Abruzzis, High Tatra, Carpathians, Balkan countries. Introduced into New Zealand, Argentina, Europe (CSSR, Poland, Altvater Mountains, Lower Tatra and High Tatra Mountains, Vosges, Swiss Jura, Black Forest, Schwäbische Alps, and Elbsandstein Mountains, GDR.)
Behaviour: Preferred habitat: alpine and subalpine mountains; in summer above the timber line, in winter lower; gregarious, live in small family groups of 5-10; in winter up to 100. Activity mainly diurnal and at twilight. They graze and browse; diet includes grasses, leaves, herbs, shoots, twigs, bark, lichens and conifer needles. Predators include wolves and lynxes, eagles.
Population status: Stable. Endangered in Greece. Estimated numbers: Europe (acc. to CIC Symposium, Chamois, Ljubljana, 1982): Spain: 26 000 (Cantabrian Mountains 20 000); Romania: 1800; Bulgaria: 3000; GDR: 120-130; CSSR: 900; France: 38 000 (Vosges 1000); Switzerland: 59 000; FRG: Black Forest 1700, Schwäbische Alps 20, Bavarian Alps 13 000; Austria: 250 000; Yugoslavia: 35 000; Poland: no records; Greece: 800; Albania: 3000; USSR: 8-15 000; Italy: 65 000 (Appenine-Abruzzi 300-400).
Brief notes:
Body weight: 20-50 kg
Head and body length: 110-140 cm
Tail length: 3-8 cm
Shoulder height: 70-85 cm
Gestation period: 160-170 days
Maximum age: Up to 22 years
Trophy: Record CIC R.r. rupicapra: 141.1 points, 1934 Romania, A. HESSHEIMER; average 95 points. SCI: 29 1/8 score, 1961 Italy, Dr. CARLO CALDESI; average 18 score.
Hunting methods: Stalking, driving, from a hide.
Subspecies: 10
1. Middle-European Chamois Rupicapra r. rupicapra Alpine regions; Poland. Stable
2. Pyrenean Chamois Rupicapra r. pyrenaica Pyrenees. Stable. Trophy: CIC: 108.60 points, Spain, ENRIQUE BUFILL-CANADELL; average 87 points. SCI: 26 score, 1984 Spain, Dr. MARCIAL G. SEQUEIRA; average 20 score.
3. Abruzze Chamois Rupicapra r. ornata Italy, Appenine-Abruzzi Mountains. Rare. Trophy: No records.
4. Cantabrian Chamois Rupicapra.r. parva Spain, Cantabrian Mountains. Stable.
Trophy: Record CIC: 105.72 points, Spain, R. CALZADO; average 78 points. SCI: 23 4/8 score, 1980 Spain, W.M. WHELESS II; average 8 score.
5. Balkan Chamois Rupicapra r. balcanica Yugoslavia, Greece, Albania, Bulgaria. Rare in Greece and Albania. Stable in Yugoslavia and Bulgaria. Trophy: Record CIC: 122.25 points, 1965 Yugoslavia, P. DHURO.
6. French Chamois Rupicapra r. cartusiana French Alps, Massif de Chartreuse. Rare. Trophy: CIC: 120.70 points.
7. Carpathian Chamois Rupicapra r. carpatica Romania, Carpathian Mountains. Stable.
8. Tatra Chamois Rupicapra r. tatrica CSSR, High Tatra. Stable.
9. Caucasian Chamois Rupicapra r. caucasica Caucasian Mountains. Stable. Trophy: Record 96.35 points, 1978 USSR.
10. Turkish Chamois Rupicapra r. asiatica Turkey, north-eastern regions. Stable. Trophy: Record SCI: 24 1/8 score, 1984 Turkey, GÖSKEV OLCAY; average 20 score.
Remarks: The trophy measurements of a Chamois from New Zealand acc. SCI: 29 score, 1984. LEE BOHNEV is listed. The chamois population is rare in Greece. Concerning the population status and distribution of the Turkish Chamois investigations are continuing - organized and financed by the CIC and the Turkish Ministry of Forestry working in close cooperation. The author follows the classification of COUTURIER (1938) and DOLAN (1963) with 1 species, Rupicapra rupicapra and 10 Subspecies; this also in order to follow the taxonomy of the CIC system for trophy evaluations. LOVARI, SCALA, NASCETTI and SOMA (1983, 1984, 1985, 1987) revised the systematics according to their investigations as follows: Rupicapra r. rupicapra, Rupicapra r. cartusiana, Rupicapra r. tatrica, Rupicapra r. carpatica, Rupicapra r. balcanica, Rupicapra r. caucasica, Rupicapra r. asiatica, Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica, Rupicapra p. parva, Rupicapra p. ornata. Parts of these results are still unpublished.
Bilder:
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