Fleckenhyäne oder Tüpfelhyäne Crocuta crocuta (Erxleben, 1777)
English: Spotted Hyena; French: Hyène tachetée; Afrikaans: Gevlekte hiena, Gevlekte Wolf; Amharic: Tera jip; Damara: !naipe hiras; Fouladou: Fowru dubedubeeru; Hausa: kura; Herero: Ombungu, Mbungu mbidiwa; Iswana: Chiri; Kiswahili: Sisi; Kung: gcni, dwi; Kwanyama: Embungu; Lozi: Sitongwani; Ovambo: I, kungu ongue; Shangan: Mhisi; Shona: Bere; Sotho: Phiri; Wolof: Bukki; Xhosa: Isandewana; Yoruba: ikoko; Zulu: Impisi.
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Former distribution: As now.
Present distribution: South of the Sahara, from Senegal, southern Mauritania, Guinea, Sierra Leone east to Nigeria, northern Cameroon, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia. Not in the rain forest of Zaire, the Congo basin; Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Gabon, Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Namibia and Botswana. In South Africa only in the Transvaal and Natal, and Kwazulu.
Behaviour: Preferred habitat: all types of savanna, with woodlands and open plains and semi-desert scrub, from sea level up to mountain areas. They live singly or in pairs; very often in packs of up to 30: activity not entirely nocturnal. Prey includes game animals of all sizes, domestic stock, carrion and the remains of carcasses of the big cats such as lions and leopards. Predators are lions.
Population status: Stable in most of the distribution areas; rare in South Africa; well protected in national parks and game reserves.
Brief notes:
Body weight: 50-80 kg
Head and body length: 120-180 cm
Tail length: 25-35 cm
Shoulder height: 70-90 cm
Gestation period: 100-130 days
Maximum age: 25 years (40 years in captivity)
Trophy: Skull length 28 cm
Hunting methods: Driving with beaters, to a bait, on a kill, on horseback, with traps.
Subspecies: 6 are listed acc. to ALLEN (1939), but MATTHEWS (1939) notes that none should be recognized. This conclusion is also accepted here.
Remarks: The Spotted Hyenas are the biggest of all hyenas. They are reputed to be scavengers; can also be dangerous to man if sleeping outdoors.
Bilder:
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